Emergency freight surcharges, a changed discharge port or extra trucking can add cost and time to a green coffee shipment after the contract is signed. The Incoterms rule sets the baseline: under CFR or CIF the seller contracts the carriage, under FOB the buyer does, and each rule lists its costs in articles A9 and B9. Who pays for a surcharge or detour that arises later depends on the sale and carriage terms both sides agreed, so it is worth settling in writing before booking.
Atlas recommends agreeing three points in writing before a container is booked: how any later carrier surcharge or rerouting cost will be handled, which alternative discharge ports and onward trucking routes the buyer will accept, and whether the cargo insurance includes war and strikes cover. Buyers may also keep a safety stock sized to their own usage rather than ordering just in time, and should confirm the current route with the forwarder at booking, not at loading.
Incoterms 2020 — International Chamber of Commerce (costs listed at A9/B9)
Incoterms 2020 rules explained — ICC Academy